Tool for turning tapering surfaces



(No hvodeL) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 J. H'ARTNESS. l TOOL FOR TURNING TAPBRING-SURFAGES. No. 501,273. Patented July 11, 1893 I 3 Y L@ lfm/ENTER:

Z Sheets-Shet 2.

J HARTNESS "1300L POR TURNING TAPERING SURFAGES.

Patented July 11, 1893.

IN1/ENTER: /7 A mM- @ENE/5555:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES HARTNESS, OF SPRINGFIELD, VERMONT.A

TOOL FOR TURNING TAPERING'SURFACES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 501,273, dated July 11,1893. Application filed May 4, 1892. Serial No. 431,800. (No model.)

To all whom t may concerm Be it known that I, JAMES HAETNEss, ofSpringfield, in the county of Windsor and State of Vermont, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Tools or Appliances forTurning TaperingSurfaces, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has for its object to provide a tool or appliance,adapted to be used in connection with a lathe or screw machine, for thepurpose of turning tapering surfaces on rods or bolts, the appliancebeing intended chiefiy for turning tapering bolts or ,pins used inlocomotive construction, the rod or bolt to which atapered surface is tobe imparted beingheld and rotated by a chuck during the taperingoperation, which operation is performed by the longitudinal movementngofthe appliance constituting my improvement upon the rotating bolt; or,ifpreferred, by the longitudinal movement of the rotating bolt into theappliance.

The invention consists mainly in a taperturning appliance, comprisinginits construction a casing or holder, aback-rest, and a cutter, both theback-rest and cutter being movable laterally in said casing, and meansfor moving the back-rest and cutter simultaneously in oppositedirections in the casing, the back-rest and-cutter, when so moved,co-operating in reducing the surface of a rod which projects into thecasing, or upon which the casing projects, the cutter having a series ofcutting edges, separated by intermediate spaces, so that the cutter actssimultaneously ata number of points on the rod, and is caused by thelongitudinal movement of the casing or rod, as the case may be, toreduce the rod simultaneously at as many points as there are cuttingedges on the cutter.

The invention also consists in certain del` tails and combinations ofdevices incidental to the purposes of my invention, all of which I willnow proceed to describe.

Of the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specication: Figure lrepresents a side elevation ofataper-turning appliance, and a portion ofthe lathe turret which supi ports the same. gFig. 2 represents a sectionon line 2 2, Fig. 1.. Fig. 3 represents a section on line 3.3, Fig. 5.Fig. 4 represents a section online Li-4,l3ig. 5. Fig. 5 represents anend elevation of the construction-shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 represents aside View of the cutter-holder, detached from the casing of the device.Fig. 7 represents a perspective view of the former or device which movesthe backrest and cutter laterally in the casing. Fig. 8 represents aside elevation of the former. Fig. 9' represents a perspective view ofthe back-rest. Fig. 10 represents a top view of the construction shownin Fig. 1, showing in addition a portion of the Work-holding androtating chuck, a portion of the turret being broken away and shown insection.

The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all thefigures.

In the drawings: a represents the casing or main body of the device, thesame being provided with a shank a ,adapted to b e inserted in a socketb in a lathe turret b. The casing a is provided with a longitudinalcavity or chamber a2, which receives the `rod c, Whose periphery is tobe turned to a taper, said rod being held and rotated by a chuck cl. Thearrangement of the casing a is such that, when it is secured to theturret and the turret properly adjusted, the chamber a2 will be in linewiththe rod c held by the chuck, so that, by a movement of the turrettoward the chuck, the rod c may be caused to project into the chambera2. j

e represents a back-rest, which is located in the casing 0 andispreferably provided with a series of curved ribs e', arranged to bearupon one side of the rod c. The back-rest e isv movable laterally withinthe casing, for a purpose which will presently be explained.

frepresents the cutter, which is here shown as composed ofa single bladeor piece, ex-

tending lengthwise of the casing ct, and provided with a series ofcutting edges f', separated by intervening spaces, the cutter, with itsisolated cutting edges f', constituting a multiple cutter adapted tooperate simultaneously at a number of'points on the rod c. The cutterfis secured to an oscillatory cutterholder f2, which is pivotallyconnected with the casing a by means of'trunnions f3 f3 (Figs. 5 and 6),projecting from the ends of the cutter-holder into sockets formed in theIOO casing a. The arrangement of the cutterholder issuch that itsoscillating movements cause the cutter f to move laterally inthe casingd toward and from the back-rest e, the cutting edges of the cutter beingarranged to bear upon the rod c at a point substantially opposite theback-rest, as shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 5. The cutter-holder f2 isprovided with a longitudinal slot or pocket to receive the cutter, andwith adjusting screws f4 to move the cutter forward in compensation forthe wear of its cutting edges, and with clamping screws f5 to secure thecutter at any point to which it may be adjusted.

g represents a bar or former, which is movable longitudinally in a wayor channel formed in the casing (L for its reception. The bar or formerg is provided with a series of preferably two lateral inclines g g atone side, and a corresponding series of downwardly projecting inclinesg2 g2 at its lower edge. The back-rest eis provided at its rear withribs e2 e2, which are arranged to co-operate with the inclines g g inforcing the back-rest inwardly toward the center ot' the rod-receivin gchamber a2 when the relative positions of the casing a and the former gare being changed so as to change the contact of the ribs e2 e2 from theinn er ends of the inclines g g to the outer ends thereof. The former isalso provided with inclines g4 g4, adjoining the inclincs g g', and withinclines g5 g5 adjoining the inclines g2 g2, the inclination of g4 g5being opposite that of g g2, but less abrupt. The inclines g g2 arearranged to force the back-rest and cutter forward or toward the centerof the rod at a comparatively rapid rate, thus causing the cutters toenter the work to the required depth, and the inclines g4 g5 arearranged to follow the inclines g g2 and permit the cutter and back-restto recede at a slower rate from the center of the rod, and form thetapered surface thereon while receding, as will be presently described.

I make use of the expression when the relative positions of the casingand former are being changed because the apparatus may be operated ashereinafter described by moving either the casing or the formerlongitudinally; that is to say, the former may be held in a fixedposition while the casing is moved in the direction required to carrythe back-rest ribs from the inner to the outer ends of the inclines g toforce the back-rest inwardly, and from the outer to the inner ends ofthe inclines g4 to permit the back-rest to move outwardly; or the casingmay be held stationiary and the former moved to accomplish thesameresult, namely, the lateral movement of the back-rest alternatelytoward and from the center of the rod-receiving chamber in the casing d.

The inclines g2g2 ot' the former are arranged to impart an inward orforward motion to the cutter-holder f2, and thus cause the cutter f toswing inwardly toward the center of the rod-receiving chamber; while theback-rest is being moved toward said center, and the inclinesl g5 g5 ofthe former are arranged to permit the cutter to move outwardly when theback-rest is moving outwardly, the back-rest and cutter being movedsimultaneously in opposite directions. l prefer to interpose between theinclines g2 g2 and the cutter-holder, studs g3, which are fitted to movevertically in sockets in the lower portion of the casing a, their lowerends bearing upon adjustable screws or studs f 6 f6, affixed to thecutter-carrier f2. rlhe same relative movement that causes the describedmovement of the backrest toward and from the center of the rodreceivingchamber, first causes the inclines g2 to depress the lower portion ofthe cutterholder f2 and thus move the cutter f toward the center of therod-receiving chamber, and then causes the inclines g5 to permit theopposite movement of the cutter.

The operation of the device is or may be as follows: The rod c beingrotated by the chuck without being moved endwise, and inserted suitablyin the chamber a2, the body or casing a is moved forward toward thechuck by the movement of the turret b, and at the same time the relativepositions of the casing a and the former g are changed, by reason of thefact that the former is arrested by bearing against a fixed surface onthe head-stock of the lathe, or elsewhere, so that, as the casing movesforward, the inclines g g g2 g act to move the back-rest e and thecutter f simultaneously inward, and then the inclines g4 g4 and g5 g5act to permit the back-rest and `cutter to be moved slowly outward bythe pressure of the work against them. These motions of the back-restand cutter, occurring during the longitudinal movement ofthe cutter and`the casing, cause the isolated cutting edges f to act simultaneously infirst entering the work to the required depth, and then graduallyreceding from the center of the work, thus forming the taper. Theinclines g4 g5 should be of the correct taper or inclination i to givethe desired taper tothe work, but the other inclines may be at any angledesired. The inclines g4 g5 are so slight that, if shown in the drawingsas used, they would not be perceptible; hence I have exaggerated them Iis only the distance between one cutter or cutting edge f and the next,so that the time consumed in forming the tapering surface is much lessthan would be required if the cutters were xed, or in other words had nolateral movement, in` which case the casing would have to move theentire length of the tapered surface in forming the latter.

It will be seen that, by dividing up the work among a number of cutters,and moving the t cutters laterally during the operation, a considerablesaving of time is eiected in form- IOO IIO

case the rod c and the former g will be moved endwise, the result beingthe same asY that already described.

In Fig. 3, I show a fixed support s on the head-stock t of a lathe,arranged to prevent movement ofthe former g While the casing@ isapproaching said head-stock. The headstock and support may be supposed,however, to move toward the casing a, the latter being fixed. Althoughthis scheme, as shown, is used for operating on slender Work, whichrequires the use of a back-rest, I do not limit myself to the use of aback-rest, but may use the multiple-cutter Without the back-rest.

The cutter may be made as shown in one piece, or in a number of pieces,Without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claimv 1. In a taper-turning appliance, the combination of a casing orholder, a back-rest movable laterally, a cutter-holder pivotallyconnected to the casing, a cutter held in said cutter-holder, and meansfor moving said backrest and cutter simultaneously toward the center ofthe casing, Wherebythe back-rest and cutter are caused to co-operate inreducing a piece of work interposed between them, as set forth.

2. In a taper-turning appliance, the combination of a casing or holder,a back-rest movable laterally, a cutter-holder pivotally connected tothe casing, a cutter held in said cutter-holder, a bar or former movablelongitudinally and provided with inclines adapted to impart lateralmotion to the back-rest and cutter when the relative positions of thecasing and former are being changed, as set forth.

3. In a taper-turning appliance, the combination of a casing or holder,a back-rest movable laterally, a cutter-holder pivotally con 'nected tothe casing, a cutter'held in said cutter-holder, separate inclinesprovided for actuating the back-rest and cutter-holder, -as set forth.

4. The combination of a chuck for holding and rotating a rod, a casingor holder having a rod-receiving chamber, a multiple edged cutter and aback-rest arranged to bear simultaneously on opposite' sidesl of a rodin said chamber, means for changing the relative positions of the rodand casing or holder to increase the projection of the rod into thecasing, and means for simultaneously moving the back-rest and cuttertoward each other during the changein the lateral positions of the rodand casing, as set forth.

n 5. In a taper-turning appliance, the combination of a casing orholder, a series of backrest surfaces and a series of cutting edges bothmovable laterally in said casing, a bar or former movablelongitudinallyvand provided with inclines adapted to impart a lateralmotion to the back-rests and cutting edges when the relativeY positionsof the casing and the former are being changed, as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in thepresence'of twosubscribing Witnesses, this 26th day of April, A. D.1892.

.mintsy HARTNEss.

Witnesses:

W. D. WooLsoN, G. OTIs GRIDLEY.

